Portable Network Graphics; 8-byte signature includes newline defense against binary corruption.
png image/png 89 50 4E 47 0D 0A 1A 0A 0x0 Image JPEG/JFIF image; SOI marker followed by an APPn marker (FF E0 / FF E1 …).
jpg, jpeg image/jpeg FF D8 FF 0x0 Image Graphics Interchange Format, original 1987 version.
gif image/gif 47 49 46 38 37 61 0x0 Image Graphics Interchange Format, 1989 version (adds animation and transparency).
gif image/gif 47 49 46 38 39 61 0x0 Image Windows bitmap; 'BM' magic followed by file size and reserved fields.
bmp, dib image/bmp 42 4D 0x0 Image TIFF image (little-endian) Tagged Image File Format, little-endian byte order ('II' + 42).
tif, tiff image/tiff 49 49 2A 00 0x0 Image Tagged Image File Format, big-endian byte order ('MM' + 42).
tif, tiff image/tiff 4D 4D 00 2A 0x0 Image RIFF container with 'WEBP' four-cc at offset 8.
webp image/webp 52 49 46 46 0x0 Image High-Efficiency Image Container (Apple); 'ftypheic' at offset 4.
heic, heif image/heic 66 74 79 70 68 65 69 63 0x4 Image AV1 Image File Format; 'ftypavif' at offset 4.
avif image/avif 66 74 79 70 61 76 69 66 0x4 Image Windows ICO resource; reserved 2 zero bytes then 01 00.
ico image/x-icon 00 00 01 00 0x0 Image Windows CUR cursor; reserved 2 zero bytes then 02 00.
cur application/x-cursor 00 00 02 00 0x0 Image Adobe Photoshop document; '8BPS'.
psd image/vnd.adobe.photoshop 38 42 50 53 0x0 Image Interchangeable File Format; 'FORM' container.
iff, ilbm image/x-ilbm 46 4F 52 4D 0x0 Image PC Paintbrush; version byte 0x0A followed by encoding 0x05.
pcx image/x-pcx 0A 05 0x0 Image TGA v2 footer 'TRUEVISION-XFILE' (often at end of file).
tga image/x-tga 54 52 55 45 56 49 53 49 4F 4E 2D 58 46 49 4C 45 0x0 Image PKZIP local file header; 'PK\x03\x04'.
zip application/zip 50 4B 03 04 0x0 Archive PKZIP end-of-central-directory; empty archive.
zip application/zip 50 4B 05 06 0x0 Archive PKZIP spanned-archive marker; 'PK\x07\x08'.
zip application/zip 50 4B 07 08 0x0 Archive RAR v4 signature; 'Rar!\x1A\x07\x00'.
rar application/x-rar-compressed 52 61 72 21 1A 07 00 0x0 Archive RAR v5 signature; 'Rar!\x1A\x07\x01\x00'.
rar application/x-rar-compressed 52 61 72 21 1A 07 01 00 0x0 Archive GZIP magic; \x1F\x8B.
gz, gzip application/gzip 1F 8B 0x0 Archive 7-Zip signature; '7z\xBC\xAF\x27\x1C'.
7z application/x-7z-compressed 37 7A BC AF 27 1C 0x0 Archive Bzip2 magic; 'BZh' + level digit.
bz2, bzip2 application/x-bzip2 42 5A 68 0x0 Archive XZ Utils signature; '\xFD7zXZ\x00'.
xz application/x-xz FD 37 7A 58 5A 00 0x0 Archive LZ4 frame magic; '\x04\x22M\x18'.
lz4 application/x-lz4 04 22 4D 18 0x0 Archive Zstandard frame magic; '\x28\xB5/\xFD'.
zst, zstd application/zstd 28 B5 2F FD 0x0 Archive MSCF cabinet file; 'MSCF'.
cab application/vnd.ms-cab-compressed 4D 53 43 46 0x0 Archive POSIX/USTAR tape archive; 'ustar' magic at byte offset 257.
tar application/x-tar 75 73 74 61 72 0x101 Archive cpio new ASCII format; '070701'.
cpio application/x-cpio 30 37 30 37 30 31 0x0 Archive cpio old ASCII format; '070707'.
cpio application/x-cpio 30 37 30 37 30 37 0x0 Archive ISO 9660 volume descriptor; 'CD001' at offset 32769 (0x8001).
iso application/x-iso9660-image 43 44 30 30 31 0x8001 Archive DMG UDIF trailer 'koly' at end-of-file; the leading bytes are usually zlib-compressed.
dmg application/x-apple-diskimage 78 01 73 DA 62 70 6F 6F 0x0 Archive Unix ar archive; '!<arch>\n' (used by .a static libraries and .deb packages).
a, ar application/x-archive 21 3C 61 72 63 68 3E 0A 0x0 Archive ALZip archive; 'ALZ\x01'.
alz application/x-alz-compressed 41 4C 5A 01 0x0 Archive StuffIt classic; 'SIT!'.
sit application/x-stuffit 53 49 54 21 0x0 Archive LHArc archive; '-lh' at offset 2.
lha, lzh application/x-lzh-compressed 2D 6C 68 0x2 Archive ACE archive; '**ACE**' at offset 7.
ace application/x-ace-compressed 2A 41 43 45 2A 0x7 Archive SEA ARC archive; \x1A + method byte.
arc application/x-arc 1A 08 0x0 Archive Executable and Linkable Format; '\x7FELF'. Used by Linux, BSD, Solaris binaries and .so shared objects.
elf, so, bin application/x-elf 7F 45 4C 46 0x0 Executable DOS / Windows PE executable PE/COFF or MZ DOS executable; 'MZ' (initials of Mark Zbikowski).
exe, dll application/x-msdownload 4D 5A 0x0 Executable Mach-O 32-bit little-endian; used by macOS/iOS.
macho, dylib application/x-mach-binary FE ED FA CE 0x0 Executable Mach-O 64-bit little-endian; current macOS default.
macho, dylib application/x-mach-binary FE ED FA FE 0x0 Executable Mach-O 32-bit big-endian (PowerPC).
macho application/x-mach-binary CE FA ED FE 0x0 Executable Mach-O 64-bit big-endian (PowerPC 64).
macho application/x-mach-binary CF FA ED FE 0x0 Executable Mach-O Universal binary; multi-architecture wrapper.
macho, dylib application/x-mach-binary CA FE BA BE 0x0 Executable JVM bytecode; 'CAFEBABE' (also used by Mach-O fat binaries — context disambiguates).
class application/java-vm CA FE BA BE 0x0 Executable WebAssembly magic; '\x00asm'.
wasm application/wasm 00 61 73 6D 0x0 Executable OS/2 LE / Windows NE linear executable — also MZ-prefixed.
exe, dll application/x-msdownload 4D 5A 0x0 Executable RIFF container with 'WAVE' four-cc at offset 8.
wav audio/wav 52 49 46 46 0x0 Audio Ogg transport layer; 'OggS'.
ogg, oga, ogv application/ogg 4F 67 67 53 0x0 Audio Free Lossless Audio Codec; 'fLaC'.
flac audio/flac 66 4C 61 43 0x0 Audio MP3 with ID3v2 tag; 'ID3' followed by version + flags.
mp3 audio/mpeg 49 44 33 0x0 Audio MP3 frame sync (11 bits set); FF FB / FF F3 / FF F2 / FF E3 etc.
mp3 audio/mpeg FF FB 0x0 Audio Advanced Audio Coding ADTS frame; FF F1 (also FF F9).
aac audio/aac FF F1 0x0 Audio Standard MIDI File; 'MThd'.
mid, midi audio/midi 4D 54 68 64 0x0 Audio Adaptive Multi-Rate audio; '#!AMR'.
amr audio/amr 23 21 41 4D 52 0x0 Audio Sun/NeXT audio; '.snd'.
au, snd audio/basic 2E 73 6E 64 0x0 Audio Audio Interchange File Format; 'FORM' + 'AIFF'.
aif, aiff audio/aiff 46 4F 52 4D 0x0 Audio RIFF container with 'AVI ' four-cc at offset 8.
avi video/x-msvideo 52 49 46 46 0x0 Video ISO base media file format; 'ftyp' atom at offset 4.
mp4, m4v video/mp4 66 74 79 70 0x4 Video QuickTime container; 'moov' or 'mdat' atom at offset 4.
mov, qt video/quicktime 6D 6F 6F 76 0x4 Video EBML container; '\x1A\x45\xDF\xA3'. Used by both MKV and WebM.
mkv, webm, mka video/x-matroska 1A 45 DF A3 0x0 Video Flash Video; 'FLV\x01'.
flv video/x-flv 46 4C 56 01 0x0 Video MPEG-1/2 program stream pack header.
mpg, mpeg, vob video/mpeg 00 00 01 BA 0x0 Video MPEG-TS sync byte 0x47; repeats every 188/204 bytes.
ts, m2ts video/mp2t 47 0x0 Video 3GPP/3GPP2 video; 'ftyp3g' at offset 4.
3gp, 3g2 video/3gpp 66 74 79 70 33 67 0x4 Video Microsoft ASF container; GUID 30 26 B2 75 8E 66 CF 11.
asf, wmv, wma video/x-ms-asf 30 26 B2 75 8E 66 CF 11 0x0 Video Portable Document Format; '%PDF'.
pdf application/pdf 25 50 44 46 0x0 Document Rich Text Format; '{\\rtf1'.
rtf application/rtf 7B 5C 72 74 66 31 0x0 Document Microsoft OLE2 compound document; D0 CF 11 E0 A1 B1 1A E1 (DOC, XLS, PPT, MSI, MSG).
doc, xls, ppt, msi, msg application/x-ole-storage D0 CF 11 E0 A1 B1 1A E1 0x0 Document PostScript; '%!PS'.
ps application/postscript 25 21 50 53 0x0 Document EPS with Binary Header; '%!PS-Adobe'.
eps application/postscript 25 21 50 53 2D 41 64 6F 62 65 0x0 Document PDF form data; '%PDF-1.2' (subset of PDF).
fdf application/vnd.fdf 25 50 44 46 2D 31 2E 32 0x0 Document DjVu (IFF-based); 'AT&TFORM'.
djvu, djv image/vnd.djvu 41 54 26 54 46 4F 52 4D 0x0 Document Mobipocket; 'BOOKMOBI' at offset 60.
mobi, prc application/x-mobipocket-ebook 42 4F 4F 4B 4D 4F 42 49 0x3C Document PalmDOC; 'TexeBook' or other PDB type at offset 60.
pdb application/vnd.palm 54 65 78 65 42 6F 6F 6B 0x3C Document Windows Compiled HTML Help CHM help file; 'ITSF' (LZX-compressed HTML).
chm application/vnd.ms-htmlhelp 49 54 53 46 0x0 Document XPS is a ZIP-based container with FixedDocument parts.
xps, oxps application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument 50 4B 03 04 0x0 Document TrueType font; 00 01 00 00.
ttf, ttc font/ttf 00 01 00 00 0x0 Font OpenType with CFF outlines; 'OTTO'.
otf font/otf 4F 54 54 4F 0x0 Font TrueType Collection; 'ttcf'.
ttc font/collection 74 74 63 66 0x0 Font Web Open Font Format v1; 'wOFF'.
woff font/woff 77 4F 46 46 0x0 Font Web Open Font Format v2; 'wOF2'.
woff2 font/woff2 77 4F 46 32 0x0 Font Microsoft EOT; 'LP' embedded at offset 34 (FontType signature).
eot application/vnd.ms-fontobject 4C 50 0x22 Font SQLite 3; 'SQLite format 3\x00'.
sqlite, sqlite3, db application/vnd.sqlite3 53 51 4C 69 74 65 20 66 6F 72 6D 61 74 20 33 00 0x0 Database dBase III DBF; version byte 0x03 (also 0x83 with memo, 0x8B, 0xF5 for FoxPro).
dbf application/x-dbf 03 0x0 Database Parquet columnar storage; 'PAR1'.
parquet application/vnd.apache.parquet 50 41 52 31 0x0 Database Avro object container; 'Obj\x01'.
avro application/vnd.apache.avro 4F 62 6A 01 0x0 Database LevelDB/Snappy-compressed SSTable; 8-byte magic.
ldb, sst application/x-leveldb 57 FB 80 8B 24 75 47 DB 0x0 Database Lightning Memory-Mapped DB; 'BDB1' magic.
mdb application/x-lmdb 42 44 42 31 0x0 Database Access/Jet4 database; 'Standard Jet DB' at offset 4.
mdb application/x-msaccess 53 74 61 6E 64 61 72 64 20 4A 65 74 20 44 42 0x4 Database Apple binary property list
Binary plist; 'bplist00'.
plist, bplist application/x-plist 62 70 6C 69 73 74 30 30 0x0 System ext2/3/4 superblock
ext2/3/4 filesystem magic; 0x53EF at offset 1080 (0x438).
img application/x-ext2 53 EF 0x438 System Linux swap area
Linux swap header 'SWAPSPACE2' at offset 4086.
swap application/x-swap 53 57 41 50 53 50 41 43 45 32 0xFF6 System ReiserFS superblock
ReiserFS 3.x; 'ReIsEr4Fs' or 'ReIsErFs' at offset 65536.
img application/x-reiserfs 52 65 49 73 45 72 34 46 73 52 73 0x10040 System pcapng capture
pcapng Section Header Block; '\n\r\r\n'.
pcapng application/x-pcapng 0A 0D 0D 0A 0x0 System pcap capture (LE)
pcap little-endian; A1B2C3D4 in memory = D4 C3 B2 A1 on disk.
pcap application/vnd.tcpdump.pcap D4 C3 B2 A1 0x0 System pcap capture (BE)
pcap big-endian; 'A1B2C3D4' on disk.
pcap application/vnd.tcpdump.pcap A1 B2 C3 D4 0x0 System RPM package
RPM Package Manager; ED AB EE DB.
rpm application/x-rpm ED AB EE DB 0x0 System Debian package
Debian .deb; Unix ar archive '!<arch>\n' with 'debian-binary' as first member.
deb application/vnd.debian.binary-package 21 3C 61 72 63 68 3E 0A 0x0 System Windows Installer (MSI)
MSI is an OLE2 compound document (shares the OLE2 magic).
msi application/x-msi D0 CF 11 E0 A1 B1 1A E1 0x0 System Windows Registry hive
Registry hive; 'regf'.
hiv application/x-windows-registry 72 65 67 66 0x0 System PEM certificate / key
PEM container; '-----BEGIN'.
pem, crt, key application/x-pem-file 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 42 45 47 49 4E 0x0 Certificate / Key OpenSSH private key
OpenSSH private key; '-----BEGIN OPENSSH...'.
pem, key application/x-openssh-key 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 42 45 47 49 4E 20 4F 50 45 4E 53 53 48 0x0 Certificate / Key DER-encoded ASN.1
DER-encoded ASN.1 sequence; 30 82 (also PKCS#12, X.509 certs).
der, cer application/pkix-cert 30 82 0x0 Certificate / Key Java KeyStore
Java KeyStore; FE ED FE ED.
jks, keystore application/x-java-keystore FE ED FE ED 0x0 Certificate / Key PGP public keyring
PGP public key packet; 0x99 (legacy) length prefix.
pgp, asc application/pgp-keys 99 01 0x0 Certificate / Key GPG keybox
GPG keybox; FE 04 00 01 header.
kbx application/pgp-keybox FE 04 00 01 0x0 Certificate / Key Nintendo Entertainment ROM
iNES ROM; 'NES\x1A'.
nes application/x-nes-rom 4E 45 53 1A 0x0 ROM / Game Nintendo 64 ROM
N64 ROM; big-endian '80 37 12 40' (also byteswapped / LE variants).
n64, z64 application/x-n64-rom 80 37 12 40 0x0 ROM / Game SNES ROM (SMC)
SNES SMC header; AA BB 04 (also BB AA 04 variants).
smc, sfc application/x-snes-rom AA BB 04 0x0 ROM / Game Game Boy Color ROM
Game Boy ROM Nintendo logo at offset 0x104 (CE ED 66 66 …).
gbc, gb application/x-gb-rom CE ED 66 66 CC 0D 00 0B 03 73 00 83 00 0C 00 0D 0x104 ROM / Game Nintendo DS ROM
NDS encryption key header at offset 0x07F0 — the game title is at offset 0.
nds application/x-nds-rom 25 14 21 26 FE 23 26 25 0x0 ROM / Game Sega Genesis ROM
Sega Mega Drive ROM; 'SEGA MEGA' or 'SEGA GENESIS' at offset 0x100.
md, bin, gen application/x-genesis-rom 53 45 47 41 20 4D 45 47 41 0x100 ROM / Game Binary glTF (GLB)
Binary glTF; 'glTF'.
glb model/gltf-binary 67 6C 54 46 0x0 3D Model FBX binary model
Autodesk FBX binary; 'Kaydara FBX Binary'.
fbx application/x-fbx 4B 61 79 64 61 72 61 20 46 42 58 20 42 69 6E 61 72 79 0x0 3D Model PLY polygon model
Stanford PLY; 'ply\n' (text or binary).
ply application/x-ply 70 6C 79 0A 0x0 3D Model STL mesh (text)
ASCII STL mesh; 'solid ' (binary STL has an 80-byte header).
stl application/x-stl 73 6F 6C 69 64 20 0x0 3D Model 3D Studio mesh
3ds Max; main chunk 0x4D4D.
3ds application/x-3ds 4D 4D 0x0 3D Model BitTorrent metainfo
Bencode; 'd8:announce' (start of bencoded dict).
torrent application/x-bittorrent 64 38 3A 61 6E 6E 6F 75 6E 63 65 0x0 Other YAML document
YAML document start; '---' (text file).
yaml, yml application/x-yaml 2D 2D 2D 0x0 Other XML document
XML prolog; '<?xml' (also valid for SVG, XHTML, OPML).
xml, svg, xhtml application/xml 3C 3F 78 6D 6C 0x0 Other MATLAB .mat v5
MATLAB v5 MAT-file; 'MATLAB 5.0'.
mat application/x-matlab-data 4D 41 54 4C 41 42 20 35 2E 30 0x0 Other ESRI Shapefile
Shapefile .shp; file code 0x0000270A (big-endian int32 = 9994).
shp application/x-esrishape 00 00 27 0A 0x0 Other pcapng capture (alt)
pcapng SHB with full 12-byte preamble.
pcapng application/x-pcapng 0A 0D 0D 0A 1C 00 00 00 4D 3C 2B 1A 0x0 System Tox protocol save file
Tox save; 4 zero bytes then 1F 1B ED 15.
tox application/x-tox-save 00 00 00 00 1F 1B ED 15 0x0 Other Minecraft region (.mca)
Minecraft region; first 4096 bytes are location table (typically zero-padded).
mca application/x-minecraft-region 00 00 00 00 0x0 Other Android Backup
Android backup; 'ANDROID BACKUP'.
ab application/x-android-backup 41 4E 44 52 4F 49 44 20 42 41 43 4B 55 50 0x0 System OpenEXR; magic 76 2F 31 01.
exr image/x-exr 76 2F 31 01 0x0 Image Flexible Image Transport System; 'SIMPLE = T'.
fits application/fits 53 49 4D 50 4C 45 20 20 3D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 54 0x0 Image